Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 18

Advertising - Essay Example On the social side, the time of library and paper books is rapidly blurring endlessly. Individuals today live busier lives and accept that they have an excessive amount to get up to speed with. Along these lines, the â€Å"gadget culture† is winning where individuals lead practically the entirety of their activities and obligations with their mobile phones, workstations, tablet gadgets and others. From booking a carrier pass to sending a birthday card, from looking for basic food item to requesting a pizza, from perusing the paper to watching films, everything is currently happening on the web. This on the web or digital book outlook will additionally bolster such organizations. The monetary condition, which can be described by financial downturn and its proceeded with impacts, is hosing the deals of books. The measurements for the primary portion of the year 2011 uncover that book deals and volume have been diminishing even the fare of books from UK is additionally on decrease. Amidst this downturn, the computerized book deals are developing at an exponential rate. To be accurate, the development for the primary portion of the 2011 for computerized book deals was more than 37 percent contrasted with first 50% of 2010. The complete size of the computerized showcase currently remains at 180 million pounds which presently speaks to more than 7 percent of the absolute book deals (advanced and physical consolidated) in the UK. Another significant advancement for Waterstones in the political-legitimate front is the way that the administration appears to be eager and resolved to stop any online theft.

I Hear Them Calling My Name :: essays research papers

The Fear of People      People dread not succeeding, adverse exercises in their condition, demise, psychological warfare, and so forth, yet from a multicultural point of view, we in general dread change. Our human race is likewise frightful of contrast. We dread the distinction of our religions, shading, race, and sexual inclinations. We fear things not in our standard and things that stick out on the planet. The issue of progress and distinction is pervasive in the book I Hear Them Calling My Name: A Journey Through the New South. This book was elegantly composed by Chester Fuller. You can truly observe this multicultural issue by the manner in which dread controls the characters’ feelings coordinated towards others with distinction.      In the book, Fuller excursions through the South soon after the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s. He is doled out to travel and discover any distinction or enbetterment in the treatment of blacks since the Civil Rights Movement. His first experience comes when his vehicle stalls on an interstate in profound southern piece of North Carolina. He strolls to a corner store to get his vehicle towed and the main mechanics/tow men are white. From the start he gets the inclination he’s going to be manhandled by these men. In his brain, Fuller is plotting where he’s going to strike the men when they assault him. Fuller is so terrified and stuck in a rut that he doesn’t look past the man’s race, however is somewhat threatened and programmed. They show up back at the station with vehicle and the technician asks what is by all accounts the issue. Fuller idea possibly the fuel siphon or something extremely costly. The specialist continues back to t he vehicle and tinkers with a couple of things and the vehicle is done is minutes. The specialist could have placed in another fuel siphon in addition to other things and cost Fuller a ton of cash, however rather charged an incredible eight dollars. The thing with this is Fuller’s perspectives on the repairman the entire time and his feelings of being prepared to battle. This flabbergasts me.      Fuller missed this man’s generosity and regard, as a result of his dread of contrast. This dread despite everything happens today. The main issue is that it exists in numerous different things than race or shade of skin. Socially we have had a significant issue with brutality in schools. This all happens as a result of contrast.

Thesis Statement: Argumentative Essay Topics on Drinking and Driving

Thesis Statement: Argumentative Essay Topics on Drinking and DrivingIf you are going to write an argumentative essay about drinking and driving, you may want to think about what argumentative essay topics you can use to begin. You might find that the topic you use is better than the one you originally thought of.One reason why you may not be familiar with the subject of drinking and driving is because you never had a run-in with the law while drinking. If this is the case, the topic may be easier for you to tackle. On the other hand, if you have been drinking and driving, it is probably because the laws against drinking and driving have been more strict since you were a kid.Arguments will not go well if you try to make them too simply. Instead, the simplest way to make your point will probably work best. This is something that most students who are writing essay topics on drinking and driving will do, so you should not worry about making it too simple.The same goes for different topi cs. Try to choose a topic that covers both aspects of drinking and driving. This is easier to do when you are looking at an argumentative essay topic that gives you only one side of the issue. If you do not include the other side of the argument, you might end up including too many points that are not convincing.Do not be afraid to write a novel when writing your essay. What I mean by this is that you should attempt to write a one page synopsis or summary of the thesis statement you are going to make in your argument. This way, you can avoid having to write entire essays about every point you will make. Try to get into the reasons why you believe this position is correct.To make your arguments more compelling, you may want to prepare a more involved dissertation that includes a chapter or two that breaks down the events in a fuller fashion. This will show that you know how to write an argument and how to incorporate different points of view. On the other hand, if you are trying to c ompile an argument that will be debated by an editor, this may not be an option. On the other hand, if you do not have the time to spend on this kind of essay, I would suggest that you attempt it without concern.Argumentative essay topics on drinking and driving will not be very persuasive if they are written poorly. You will need to ensure that you understand the importance of a good argument and the proper way to do it. If you are not sure how to do this, you might want to consult an essay writing professional that can help you get started.Writing argumentative essay topics on drinking and driving can be very satisfying if you put some effort into it. Whether you want to write a dissertation on the subject or just want to look for essay topics to take out with friends, make sure you have a thorough understanding of the topic.

Difference Between Adult Justice And Juvenile Justice System

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to distinguish the difference and similarity between the adult Justice System and Juvenile Justice System. The Juvenile Justice System main function is to rehabilitate the delinquent juveniles who have committed criminal acts and to help them function in today’s society. It is more resolute to rehabilitate a minor than to punish them for things they do that they don’t understand. In some situation it may could be more necessary to punish a juvenile, but punishing a delinquent minor is usually the last resort. In the Adult Justice System, the main function is also to rehabilitate adults but in the process of making them accountable for the crimes they have committed. Adults receive a punishment that is much harsher than that of the juvenile system. Both the juvenile justice system and the adult justice system want to prevent recidivism (returning back to a facility for corrections). This research is to focus on the different as pects of the justice system as it relates to juveniles and adults. It will demonstrate how certain characteristics of the law pertain to both systems and there are more laws that are made to protect the juvenile. Introduction The laws treat juveniles differently because juveniles are not considered to be responsible individuals/adults. It is said that juveniles do not have the ability to think and make rational decisions. There are times where a juvenile can be prosecuted as an adult. Juveniles can beShow MoreRelatedSimilarities and Differences Between the Juvenile Justice and Adult Criminal System835 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: JUVENILE V. CRIMINAL 1 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System Ronda Cauchon CJ150-01 Professor Abreu Kaplan University October 9, 2012 JUVENILE V CRIMINAL 2 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System In the earliest of times, juvenile offenders were treated theRead MoreJuvenile And Juvenile Justice System752 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation andRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was est ablished in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence need to be handled differently by the Justice System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from oneRead MoreEssay on Adult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System1145 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System Versus CJ150: Juvenile Delinquency Josh Skaggs There are many similarities and differences between the adult and juvenile justice systems. Although juvenile crimes have increased in violence and intensity in the last decade, there is still enough difference between the two legal proceedings, and the behaviors themselves, to keep the systems separated. There is room for changes in each structure. However, we cannot treat/punish juvenileRead MoreJuvenile vs Adult Justice System Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Justice v Juvenile Justice System There is no question that if a person is involved in any type of crime they will at some time make their way through the justice system. However, when that person is an adolescent they will go through the juvenile justice system, as an adult would go through the adult justice system. Even though the crimes of each can be of the same manner or hold the same severity the punishment results can differ. The main reason for having the two different justiceRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Should Severity Of Punishment For Young Offenders Be The Same As Adults?1200 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Delinquency: Should Severity of Punishment for Young Offenders Be the Same as Adults? Throughout centuries of development, crime and social safety are still the biggest concerns for a country since it can influence the political, economic, and social aspects. With the evolution of human civilization, more than seventy percent of the world has been urbanized into developed countries. These countries contain advanced technologies, highly-comprehensive policies and economic system. Along withRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice Process772 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Online Professor: Ivan Kaminsky Introduction to Criminal Justice June 11, 2013 Phase 3 Discussion Board Assignment Criminal Justice Process Juveniles are not extended the right to a jury of their peers. What is the most significant reason why this right is not extended to juveniles? Please explain in detail why you chose that particular reason. I do not think that there is only one significant reason as to why juveniles are not extended the right to a jury of their peers. I think thatRead MoreCrime And Juvenile And Adult Crimes1019 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s criminal justice system in the United States, there is a lot of dispute between what the qualifications are for juvenile and adult crimes. Some believe that the only difference is age. Others say it is the severity of the crime. It’s obvious that when adults commit crimes, whether they are a misdemeanor offense or a felony, they pay for it. The confliction comes when a juvenile commits a crime. What exactly determines if they are tried as an adult or a juvenile? Does it vary by state-to-stateRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems1589 Words   |  7 Pagesbe discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects w ithin the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the different community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems share many of the same termsRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems And The Adult Justice System1049 Words   |  5 Pagescommon knowledge that the juvenile justice system and the regular adult justice system have differing regulations. Juveniles have different trial proceedings and rights than adult offenders because juveniles are minors and are still considered their parent s or the state’s responsibility. Minors are not seen as able to make important decisions regarding anything, like medical care, so it is logical that they are treated differently from the adults in the criminal justice system, from arrest to punishment

Does Hamlet Love Ophelia Analysis - 1193 Words

In the world of Williams Shakespeare, there have been plenty of stories and plays of love tragedies. Among these love tragedies is the story of Hamlet. Hamlet revolves around love and madness. In the play, madness did overpower love, especially between Hamlet and Ophelia’s relationship. In the play, there have been many questions about whether Hamlet did love Ophelia. There’s evidence arguing Hamlet never loved Ophelia by the way he acts towards her throughout the play, but by the way he acts around Ophelia when he was alone with her, he really did love her. When Hamlet finds out that Polonius and Claudius are using Ophelia to spy on him, Hamlet uses bitter and harsh language towards Ophelia, but he goes overboard. For Hamlet, Ophelia’s†¦show more content†¦To a nunnery, go, and quickly too. Farewell† (Act 3). When Ophelia spies on Hamlet for Claudius and Polonius, and Hamlet finds out about the spying he feels like Ophelia betrayed him. This caus es Hamlet to confront Ophelia and uses harsh language towards her. When Hamlet tells her â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery†, in a nunnery you cannot have children and deal with evil men like his uncle. When Hamlet says this to Ophelia, he is really directing talking about his uncle marrying his mother. Hamlet is taking all his anger on Ophelia. â€Å"I’ll give thee this plague for thy dowry: be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny† (Act 3). When Hamlet says this to Ophelia he curses her forever, saying she will never escape slanderous rumors but she is pure. I believe in this scene, Hamlet did take a little too far because I think fell to realize that Ophelia is just a pawn in this situation. Hamlet and Ophelia are both victims in this situation, and I do feel that the things that he said to Ophelia, he really was talking about Gertrude. Hamlet did feel betrayed by Ophelia, but he knew she was innocent because in the nunnery scene he sees her as childlike. Hamlet says to Ophelia â€Å"The fair Ophelia, Nymph in thy Orisons†¦Be all my sins remembered† (Act 3). When Hamlet stated this line Professor Dowden, â€Å"Hamlet saw Ophelia as lovely, innocent, and a little girl† (Dowden 40). But when Ophelia played her part and betrayed Hamlet,Show MoreRelatedDoes Hamlet Love Ophelia Analysis1111 Words   |  5 Pagesargue that Hamlet has a concise story, it is filled with many unknowns relating to Hamlet. One of which is Hamlets love for Ophelia, despite some arguments against it, the evidence proves that the Prince truly did love Ophelia. The word â€Å"love† is a powerful one, both in real life, and in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. This word is even harder to understand when the person behind it is constantly changing their mind, saying different things to others, and acting crazy, but despite this Hamlet seems toRead MoreHamlets Irresolution and Downfall in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most famous tragedies written by William Shakespeare around 1600, Hamlet, the prince of Denmark seeks revenge on his uncle, who murdered the King and married Hamlet’s mother, the Queen. Hamlet is considered to be well versed in both polite letters and martial arts. I believe Hamlet is a tragic hero because his irresolution becomes his fatal flaw and it eventually brings him to his downfall. The first appearance of Hamlet is in Act I- Scene 2, he is mourning his father’s, the King’s death.ButRead MoreAnalysis of Hamlet’s Behavior through Minor Characters1280 Words   |  6 Pagescommitted, the line between avenging and revenging becomes unclear. This is seen in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The deceased king’s son, Hamlet, embarks on a quest to avenge the death of his father, who was murdered by his uncle. Throughout the play, and the progression of his quest, it is apparent that Hamlet is a complicated character. As the play progresses the reader is able to see that Hamlet has an inability to take action, portrayed through his failed attempts at murdering his uncle to avengeRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreThe Analysis of the Character Ophelia on Hamlet Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Ophelia is the most static character in the play. Instead of changing through the course of the play, she remains suffering in the misfortunes perpetrated upon her. She falls into insanity and dies a tragic death. Ophelia has issues surviving without a male influence, and her downfall is when all the men in her life abandon her. Hamlet’s Ophelia, is a tragic, insane character that cannot exist on her own. In Elizabethan times, Ophelia is restricted as a woman. SheRead MoreAnalysis of Ophelias Character in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English play Hamlet, Shakespeare incorporates deep analytical thought in his writing by the use of character, symbolism, and motifs. Specifically, readers can find these characteristics through analytical reading of the character Ophelia. While initially reading the story, Ophelia represents a character that is typical of the women in the 1600s, one who is too submissive and directed by the people around her. First impressions of Ophelias character seem much too simplistic- one that is emotionallyRead MoreFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences1223 Words   |  5 PagesFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences In both William Shakespeares Hamlet and August Wilsons Fences, the emphasis placed on parent-child relationship is vital, as family plays an important role in developing a characters values as well as his or her upbringing does. While Ophelia, Laertes, and Hamlet show loyalty to their fathers unconditionally, Cory, even though looks up Troy as a figure, eventually exhibits disrespect to him. The relationship that Ophelia shares with her father, PoloniusRead MoreHamlet Problem Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark: Why did Gertrude Marry Claudius? Claudius classified his marriage to Gertrude as an equal scale weighing delight and dole (1.2.12). However, the audience of William Shakespeares play, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, has a hard time comprehending exactly what drove Gertrude to her hasty marriage a mere two months after the death of her husband. Character analysis along with evidence taken from the play makes the answer obvious. GertrudeRead MoreEssay on The Character Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe Character Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet Ophelia is the daughter of Polonius, the right hand man of the King. Although she is only in five scenes Ophelia plays an interesting role in this play as the seemingly passive, melancholy, innocent little girl whose story ends in tragedy. From the beginning Ophelia is an obedient character who has real trouble thinking for herself. This could be seen as one of the reasons for her eventual downfall, due to her inabilityRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis961 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one reads William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, it is easy to overlook the female characters as powerless and subservient. However, things are not always what they seem at first glance, as a further analysis of Gertrude and Ophelia suggests. Although the plot centers around Hamlet’s quest for revenge, these two female characters have a profound influence on what transpires. These women certainly play more significant roles than they seem at first. In Act I, Gertrude appears to be an unfaithful wife

Financial and Ratio Analysis for Vodafone Free Essays

string(36) " increased stakes from 15% to 50 %\." INTRODUCTION (VODAFONE) VODAFONE is one of the largest telecommunication operators throughout the world. Vodafone made the first call in United Kingdom on 1st January 1985. Before that Vodafone was subsidy of Racal Electronics. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial and Ratio Analysis for Vodafone or any similar topic only for you Order Now After Racal electronics got demerged in 1991 the name was changed to VODAFONE GROUP PLC. Vodafone started in 1985 with 50 employees and increased rapidly to 5,000 employees and in 2004 the strength was almost near to 60,000 and by the end of financial year 2009 the number of employees reached to 79,000. I have chosen Vodafone because it is a big brand name in telecommunication industry. Vodafone not only operate in U.K. but throughout the world Vodafone has acquired almost every continent. Within two decades, Vodafone has become the telecommunications leader in Global Systems for Mobile networks (GSM). Vodafone was ranked the second largest multinational in 2004 by the World Investment report. Vodafone Group Plc provides an extensive range of mobile telecommunications services, including voice and data communications, and is the world’s largest mobile telecommunications company. , with a significant presence in Continental Europe, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Far East through the Company’s subsidiary undertakings, associated undertakings and investments. Vodafone’s goal is to integrate data services and telecommunication into a worldwide network. (Vodafone official website) It is operated throughout the world in some countries if the brand name is not a Vodafone but still it is having a joint venture with other local telecommunications operator such as in Japan. In India the Vodafone started as Hutchinson Essar but later on took over that and changed the name to Vodafone Essar. The Vodafone is known for its services throughout the world. The Vodafone story is one of investment, innovation and award-winning customer service. Above all, it’s one of growth and the ability to deliver the tremendous benefits of mobile communications, not just in the UK but worldwide. These are the reason for choosing the Vodafone group PLC for the ratio analysis. (Vodafone official website) BACKGROUND OF VODAFONE Vodafone group PLC is twenty year old multinational company of United Kingdom, one of the leading firms in telecommunication sector throughout the world. Vodafone made the first call in United Kingdom on 1st January 1985. Before that Vodafone was subsidy of Racal Electronics. Then known as Racal Telecom Limited, approximately 20% of the company’s capital was offered to the public in October 1988. It was fully demerged from Racal Electronics Plc and became an independent company in September 1991, at that time it changed its name to Vodafone Group Plc. The Vodafone story is one of investment, innovation and award-winning customer service. Above all, it’s one of growth and the ability to deliver the tremendous benefits of mobile communications, not just in the UK but worldwide. (Vodafone official website) Vodafone group PLC has become the telecommunication leader in Global System of Mobile Networks (GSM) in past two decades. Vodafone has grown rapidly throughout the globe so it is one of the largest telecommunication industries in the world. Vodafone started in 1985 with 50 employees and increased rapidly to 5,000 employees and in 2004 the strength was almost near to 60,000 and by the end of financial year 2009 the number of employees reached to 79,000. (Vodafone official website) In past few years Vodafone has strived for continuous growth and success. The group has spread not only in Europe but also to Africa, Asia, and Australia at a rapid rate. In 1993 Vodafone Group International is formed to acquire licences and supervise overseas interests. In 1994 VO data is the first network operator in the UK to launch data, fax and SMS services over the digital network. In 1996 Vodafone is the first network operator in the UK to launch a Pre-Pay analogue packages. In 1999 on 5 January Vodafone connects with the five million customers in the UK. In 1999 Vodafone Air Touch Plc is created as a result of a successful merger between Vodafone Group Plc and Air Touch Communications Inc. In 2000 The Global star satellite communications service is launched in the UK. In 2000 Vodafone acquires the largest available 3G license in the UK. In parallel with the development of 3G, Vodafone announces its intention to offer GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) to UK corporate custome rs. In 2000 the acquisition of Mannesmann AG almost doubles the size of the Vodafone Group making it the largest mobile telecommunications company and one of the top ten companies, by market capitalization, in the world. In 2001 Vodafone makes the world’s first 3G roaming call between Spain and Japan. (Vodafone official website) In 2002 Vodafone group contributed ? 20 million to community program and Vodafone trials its global mobile payment system in the UK, Italy and Germany and launched the first commercial European GPRS roaming service. In 2003 Vodafone live attracts 1 million customers in its first six months. In 2004 Vodafone live with 3G is launched in 13 markets worldwide and also launched its first 3G service in Europe with the Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G/GPRS data card. (Vodafone official website) In 2005 Vodafone completes acquisition of control of MobiFon in Romania and Oskar in the Czech Republic. Vodafone reaches 165 million proportionate customers and also announced new four year sponsorship of the England Cricket Team. VODAFONE also acquired 10% of economic interest in Bharti Tele-Ventures in India. Vodafone announces new football sponsorship with the UEFA Champions League in 2005 only. Acquisition of the assets was acquired in Telsim in Turkey. Vodafone signed contract with McLaren and Mercedes for the Title Sponsorship in 2005. Vodafone announces completion of acquisition of 10% economic interest in Bharti Tele-ventures in India. (Vodafone official website) In 2006 completed the sale of Vodafone Sweden and Vodafone Japan to Softbank. Also announced the completion of acquisition of the assets of Telsim in Turkey Vodafone and Softbank agree to form mobile partnership.Sale of 25% stake in Switzerland’s Swisscom and Belgium’s Proximus. South Africa increased stakes from 15% to 50 %. You read "Financial and Ratio Analysis for Vodafone" in category "Essay examples" Also the group share holding in Netherlands increased to 100% and also acquired outstanding shares. In 2006 group also acquired the telecommunication in Italy and Spain for ?537 millions. (Vodafone official website) In 2007 Vodafone agrees to buy a controlling interest in Hutchison Essar Limited, a leading operator in the fast growing Indian mobile market. Also agrees to buy a controlling interest in Hutchison Essar Limited. Vodafone agrees to acquire Tele2 Italia Spa and Tele2 Telecommunication Services SLU from Tele2 AB Group. Indus Towers Limited, an independent tower company in India is formed between Vodafone, Idea and Bharti. (Vodafone official website) In 2008 the Vodafone group increased the share in Arcos for ?366 million and after that owns the 100% Arcos group. Vodafone also acquired Ghana telecommunication for ?486 million. In the last quarter of 2008 the Vodafone group increased the stake in Polkomtel in Poland from 4.8% to 24.4% for ?171 million. (Vodafone official website) In 2009 Hutchinson and Vodafone agree to merge Australian telecom operations to form the 50:50 joint ventures. Telefonica and Vodafone announce milestone Pan European collaboration to share network infrastructure in Germany, Spain, Ireland and the UK. Vodafone completed the full merger between Vodafone Australia Limited and Hutchinson 3G Australia Pty Limited. (Vodafone official website) MAIN BODY COMPARISON OF ABSOLUTES STATISTIC20092008VARIATIONâ€Å"B/W† ?(MILLION)? (MILLION) REVENUE41,01735,47815.61%B COST OF SALES25,84221,89018.05%W OPERATING PROFIT5,85710,047-41.64%W PROFIT AFTER TAX3,0806,756-54.41%W FIXED ASSETS139,670118,54617.81%B COMPARISON OF BALANCE SHEET SOURCES USES 2009200820092008 (MILLION) (MILLION) (MILLION)(MILLION) EQUITY84,77776,471FIXED ASSETS13,96,7011,85,46 DEBT39,97528,826STOCK412417 DEBTORS7,6626,551 OTHER4,9551756 TOTAL C.A13,0298,724 TRADE CREDITORS13,39811,962 BORROWINGS96244532 Others4,9255,479 TOTAL C.L27,94721,973 CAPITAL EMPLOYED12,475210,5297T.A-C.L12,475210,5297 RATIO ANALYSIS RATIO 20092008B/W ROCE =OPERATING PROFIT * 100 / TOTAL ASSETS – C.LIABILITIES5857*100/12,47524.69%10047*100/10,52979.54%W MARGIN(net profit ratio)=OPERATING PROFIT * 100 / SALES5857*100/41,01714.27%10,047*100/35,47828.31%W ASSETS TURN OVER RATIO= SALES / TOTAL ASSETS – C. LIABILITIES41,017/12,47520.32Times35,478/10,52970.33timesW COST OF SALES RATIO= COST OF SALES*100/SALES25,842*100/41,01763.00%21,890*100/35,47861.70%B STOCK TURN OVER RATIO IN DAYS = STOCK * 365 / COST OF SALES412*365/25,8425.81 DAYS417*365/21,8906.95 DAYSB FIXED ASSET RATIO TURN OVER IN DAYS=SALES/ FIXED ASSTES 41,017/13,96700.2935,478/11,85460.29B TRADE CREDITORS TURN OVER RATIO = CREDITORS * 365 / COST OF SALES13,398*365/25,842189.2DAYS11,962*365/21,890199.4DAYSW TRADE DEBTORS TURN OVER RATIO= DEBTORS * 365 / SALES7662*365/41,01768.18DAYS6551*365/35,47867.39DAYSW CURRENT RATIO= CURRENT ASSETS / C. LIABILITIES13,029/27,9470.468724/21,9730.39B QUICK RATIO= C. ASSETS / C. LIABILITIES – STOCK13,029 – 412/27,9470.458,724 – 417/21,9730.37B GEARING RATIO= DEBT * 100 / EQUITY + DEBT39,975*100/12,475232.04%28,826*100/10,529727.37%W DEBT TO EQUITY= DEBT * 100 / EQUITY39,975*100/84,77747.15%28,826*100/76,47137.69%W RETURN ON EQUITY= PROFIT AFTER TAX * 100/ EQUITY3,080*100/84,7773.63%6,756*100/76,4718.83%W SALES PER EMPLOYEE= RVENUE/NO. OF EMPLOYEES41017/79,097*?5185635,478/72,375?49016B MARK UP RATIO=GROSS PROFIT*100/COST OF SALES15,175*100/25,84258.72%13,588*100/21,89062.07%W GROSS PROFIT RATIO= GROSS PROFIT*100/ REVENUE 15,175*100/41,01736.99%13,588*100/35,47838.29%W RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis is a method which can be used to evaluate the account of business. Ratio analysis is an important aspect of the analysis because the ratio analysis provides quick and easy result to the organisation. Ratio analysis is easy to go through as compared to balance sheet and income statement. This analysis also helps company to determine whether the organisation is achieving its desired goals and also helps to evaluate how its competitors are going on. (Jones, Ed 2006; Dyson, 2007) The ratios are divided into 4 categories: Liquidity ratio: 1.Current asset ratio 2. Acid test ratio Profitability ratio: 1. Return on capital employed (ROCE) 2. Gross profit ratio 3. Mark up ratio 4. Net profit ratio Efficiency ratio: 1. Stock turnover ratio 2. Fixed asset turnover ratio 3. Trade debtor collection period 4. Trade creditor payment period Investment ratio: 1. Dividend yield ratio 2. Dividend cover ratio 3. Earnings per share ratio 4. Price ratio 5. Capital gearing ratio INTERPETATION OF RATIOS Profitability ratio: These ratios helps organisation to analyse how profitable is business operating. This is the key ratio o it is watched by the internal management and external share holders. This ratio includes following ratios: 1. Return on capital employed: This ratio tells how efficient company is using its capital employed. This also helps organisation to know whether the organisation is generating the adequate profit in relation to the investment. As in the case of VODAFONE the ROCE in 2008 was 9.54% and then this fall down in 2009 to 4.69%. As the figures shows the operating profit in 2008 was 10,047 and in 2009 operating profit was 5,857 as it dropped almost to half and capital employed increased to almost 1/4th so return on capital employed is going down and is not good for the organisation. So the VODAFONE need to invest their capital in right manner for the future growth. (Jones, Ed 2006; www. findoutinfo.com) 2. Gross profit ratio: This ratio plays the vital role in business. This ratio tells about the profit earned through selling the product or service after buying from wholesaler. In 2008 gross profit ratio for VODAFONE was 38.29% where as in 2009 the ratio dropped to 36.99% there is decrease of almost 1.2% which indicates that net profit is going down. The reason for the deprecation might be the rise in goodwill cost and equipments which company might have bought in this time span. But even though due to world economic recession the company did not have the huge difference between the gross profit between year 2008 and 2009. (Jones, Ed 2006; www.zimbio.com) 3. Mark up ratio: This is gross profit divided by the cost of sales*100. In 2008 the ratio was 62.07% and in 2009 the ratio again came down to 58.71% this might be because as it was the period of world recession so in order to survive in the market VODAFONE might have reduced their mark up price so in order to retain more customers during the global slowdown. (Dyson,1991) 4. Net profit ratio and Margin ratio: This is another financial indicator and one of the most important ratios. This ratio is calculated after all the expenses are paid by the organisation. This can also help the organisation to compare its net profit for the previous years. The net profit ratio for VODAFONE in 2008 was 28.31% whereas in 209 it was 14.27%. The reason behind the downfall of the net profit ratio is might be VODAFONE has increased their administrative cost and exceptional operating items due to which net profit ratio may decrease. As the operating profit has decreased so that could be the other reason for the downfall of net profit ratio. Margin ratio: This ratio helps the organisation to analyse the profit on the goods and services sold in the year. In the case of VODAFONE there is no variation in the profit margin for the year 2008 is 14.27% and 2009 is 28.31%. The reason behind this must be that there is competition in the telecommunication sector so they might have increased their margin to get more revenue. (Pizzy, 2001; www.findtheinfo.com; Jones, Ed 2006; www.zimbio.com) Efficiency ratio: These ratios help in analysing the effectiveness of business. This also helps to tell how long it will take for the organisation to pay its debtors and creditors. This includes following ratio: 5. Trade debtor’s turnover ratio: this ratio helps to calculate how long and how many days will customer take to pay his debt to the company. This can be worked on the daily, weekly and monthly basis. In the case of VODAFONE debtors take 67.39 days in 2008 and in 2009 the days rose to 68.18 days. So it is almost the same in both the years without any major increase in the days. So the reason might be that VODAFONE is using its current assets efficiently. In order to improve more in this sector VODAFONE cut their debtors day to 1 month which will help them to run more efficiently so that would be good for the organisation. (Jones, Ed 2006; www.zimbio.com) 6. Trade creditor’s turnover ratio: This is opposite to trade debtors and shows how long organisation takes to pay its creditors. The more the creditors days the good it is for the organisation. In case of VODAFONE the creditor’s day in 2008 was 199.4 days and in 2009 the number of days fall down to 189.2 days. As the number of days decreased to 10 days in a period of 1 year this might be because the capital must have been used to pay the acquisition and this might have risk for the company and other reason might be that VODAFONE has lot of contracts going on so this might not be good for the organisation. (Jones, Ed 2006; www.zimbio.com) 7. Stock turnover ratio in day: This ratio measures the speed with which stock moves out of business. This ratio varies from business to business and product to product. The stock turnover ratio for VODAFONE in 2008 was 6.95 days and in 2009 it was 5.81 days. So this has stock turnover ratio has improved in 2009 as compared to 2008 so it is good for the company because the sell their stock faster in 2009 as compared to 2008. Since the VODAFONE is the telecommunication company so they will have lower stock turnover compared to other organisation. (Jones, Ed 2006; Dyson, 2007) 8. The fixed asset turnover ratio: This ratio compares sales to total assets employed. Business with large infrastructure will have lower ratios and vice versa. The fixed asst turnover ratio is same in 2008 and 2009 as 0.29. As the VODAFONE is Telecommunication Company so they don’t have big machinery or such big infrastructure like multinationals so it doesn’t make a big difference in this ratio. (Jones, Ed 2006; www.zimbio.com) Liquidity ratio: These ratios are obtained from balance sheet and tell how easily organisation can pay its debt, loan creditor such as bank and financers are particularly interested in these ratios. These ratios are divided into 2 parts: 9. Current ratio: This shows whether short term assets cover short term liabilities. In the case of VODAFONE in 2008 the ratio was 0.39 where as in 2009 this increased to 0.46. the ratio in 2009 is good as compared to 2008 so the VODAFONE has improved in this aspect but overall this ratio should be 1.0 or more so this shows even though VODAFONE has made improvement in this ratio compared to 2008 but still the organisation might be in trouble so they should be careful when dealing with the liabilities and this could also because of the expansion plans which might be helpful for the organisation in near future. (www.zimbo .com) 10. Quick ratio: This is also called acid test ratio. This measure short term liquidity. In 2008 VODAFONE has the result as 0.37 where as in 2009 this figure rose 0.45 which is good for the organisation but still this should be VODAFONE might need some extra funds or should opt to sanction some long term loans to improve the liquidity position and this should be helpful in the future. (Dyson, 2007; www.zimbo .com) Other ratios: 11. Gearing ratio: This ratio is a part of investment ratio. This represents the relationship between the ordinary shareholder funds and debt capital of company. In the case of VODAFONE the gearing ratio in 2008 long term ownership capital was 27.37% and in 2009 the figure rose to 32.04% which is not good for the organisation. The reason behind this might be that organisation has some long term loans and even not making the enough profit to pay the interest as well as give the share of profit to ordinary share holders. (Jones, Ed 2006) 12. Cost of sales ratio: This is one of the important ratio as it helps the organisation to diagnose the sales for the year and shows whether is investing properly in cost of sales or not. In the case of VODAFONE the cost of sale ratio in 2008 was 61.70% and in 2009 it rose to 63.00% which is not good at all for the organisation. The reason might be that VODAFONE is investing lot in advertising and marketing which might be increasing their cost of sales so in order to run smoothly and earn more profit and revenue the group should cut down their cost of sales. (Jones, Ed 2006, Dyson, 2007) 13. Return on equity: This measures corporate profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money which share holders have invested. In the case of Vodafone return on equity in 2008 was 8.83% but by the end of 2009 this decreased to 3.63%. This shows that this is not good for the organisation. The reason might be as the borrowings have increased in 2009 comparatively to 2008 to almost more than half so company might be paying high interest so that’s why they were not able to have good return on equity. (Dyson, 2007) 14. Sale per employee ratio: This is measured to know how much sales has been made by single employee in a year. The sale per employee in case of Vodafone has increased in 2009 to ?58185 as it was ?49016 in 2008. The reason might be as Vodafone has gone global and acquired many parts of the world so there sales have increased comparatively to 2008 so the sale per employee ratio is high in 2009. The other reason could be as in recession the Vodafone has kept their margin constant to 14.27% but their competitors might have increased the margin so they might have got more customers which increased the sale per employee ratio. IMPACT OF CURRENT EVENTS ON VODAFONE Vodafone is operating and dealing in telecommunication sector from past two decades. But however if we have look onto the financial situation of the organisation it was not good at all in the financial year 2009. The foremost reason behind the downfall of the financial situation might be the span of global recession which hit the world badly and all the big multinationals as well. As we compare the revenue for 2009 with 2008 the revenue has increased but if we have a look on to the operating profit and profit after tax they significantly have come down almost the half which is not good indication for the organisation. The operating profit might have gone down because the cost of sales have increased that mean the Vodafone is spending a lot on the marketing and advertisement from their own budget so they need to cut down on the cost of sales. Even though Vodafone kept their margin constant as 14.27% but still got more revenue so the other reason for the downfall of profit might be that the group have invested the money in equipments and expansion plans which will be helpful in the near future. The reason behind the downfall of the profit after tax is that the company have increased the borrowings in 2009 comparatively to 2008 so they might have to pay the higher interest in 2009. But if we have a look on to the fixed assets which have increased in 2009 so that is good for the organisation because if they are investing they will be going to get profit out of that in the near future. These are the impact of the current events on the VODAFONE. CONCLUSION As we know the Vodafone is one of the largest telecommunication industries in the world. We have already analysed in this report the financial situation of Vodafone in 2008 and 2009 and according to the analysis it proved that the year 2009 was not good for the organisation in terms of profit as we compare this with the previous years. The reason behind this could be the world economic recession and other factor might be that the company might have borrowed lots of funds from the bank and other agencies so need to pay higher interest as compared to 2008 so that’s why the profit of the organisation has decreased to almost half. As we know Vodafone has spread throughout the world so in 2010 company would definitely going to achieve lot of revenue and profit as they have invested through their borrowings in 2009. As the organisation has already paid and invested a lot for the globalisation and marketing so they will be able to generate more sales and profit by the end of financial year 2010. The main revenue which Vodafone will be targeting is from the Asian and Middle East countries. Vodafone will also be planning to adopt some new strategies in 2010 to attract the more customers. As the organisation has captured some new shares in India so as it is a big market so they need to work out on their current strategies to acquire more customers in this sector of the world as they do have many rivals. So finally the revenue for Vodafone will improve in 2010 by the growth of mobile data and fixed broadband. Cost reduction targets will be delivered ahead of schedule enabling commercial reinvestment to improve market share which will further strengthen technology platforms. Vodafone, which is positioned to return to revenue growth during the 2010 financial year, as economic recovery should benefit our key markets. On the other hand, the Vodafone group may be going to be profitable in the near future. Their acquisitions and goodwill will still reap the benefits probably in the future and so the ability to be profitable has increased and the main reason is the total group increase of operations. So according to the reasons mentioned above the group will be adopting the different strategies and planning and even the world economic conditions are getting better so the year 2010 will be asset for the Vodafone. REFERENCE LIST: Vodafone official website. Available at www.vodafone.com, accessed on 1st May2010 Zimbo business. ww.zimbio.com/†¦/Vodafone+Insight+2009+Comparison+Relative, accessed on 26th may 2010 Business dictionary. Available at www.businessdictionary.com, accessed 30th may 2010. Financial dictionary. Available at www.financialdictionary.thefreedictionary.com, accessed 30th may 2009. Jones Michael. (2006) Accounting, Chichester: Atrium. Atrill Peter Mclaney Eddie. (2004) Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists, Harlow: Prentice Hall Dyson John R. (2007) Accounting for Non-Accounting Students, Harlow: Prentice Hall Pizzy Alan. (2001) Accounting and Finance, London: Cornwall APPENDIX 1 (BALANCE SHEET) For the years ended 31 MarchNote 2009 ?m 2008 ?m Non-current asset Goodwill9 53,958 51,336 Other intangible assets9 20,980 18,995 Property, plant and equipment11 19,250 16,735 Investments in associated undertakings14 34,715 22,545 Other investments15 7,060 7,367 Deferred tax assets6 630 436 Post employment benefits26 8 65 Trade and other receivables17 3,069 1,067 FIXED ASSETS139,670 118,546 Current assets Inventory16 412 417 Taxation recoverable77 57 Trade and other receivables(DEBETS )17 7,662 6,551 Cash and cash equivalents18 4,878 1,699 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS13,029 8,724 Total assets152,699 127,270 Equity Called up share capital19 4,153 4,182 Share premium account21 43,008 42,934 Own shares held21 (8,036) (7,856) Additional paid-in capital21 100,239 100,151 Capital redemption reserve21 10,101 10,054 Accumulated other recognised income and expense22 20,517 10,558 Retained losses23 (83,820) (81,980) Total equity shareholders’ funds86,162 78,043 Minority interests1,787 1,168 Written put options over minority interests(3,172) (2,740) Total minority interests(1,385) (1,572) Total equity84,777 76,471 Non-current liabilities Long term borrowings25 31,749 22,662 Deferred tax liabilities6 6,642 5,109 Post employment benefits26 240 104 Provisions27 533 306 Trade and other payables28 811 645 DEBT39,975 28,826 Current liabilities Short term borrowings25, 35 9,624 4,532 Current taxation liabilities4,552 5,123 Provisions27 373 356 Trade and other payables(CREDITORS)28 13,398 11,962 27,947 21,973 Total equity and liabilities152,699 127,270 APPENDIX 2 (INCOME STATEMENT) For the years ended 31 March Note2009 ?m 2008 ?m Revenue3 41,017 35,478 Cost of sales(25,842) (21,890) Gross profit15,175 13,588 Selling and distribution expenses(2,738) (2,511) Administrative expenses(4,771) (3,878) Share of result in associated undertakings14 4,091 2,876 Impairment losses10 (5,900) – Other income and expense30 – (28) Operating profit/(loss)4 5,857 10,047 Non-operating income and expense30 (44) 254 Investment income5 795 714 Financing costs5 (2,419) (2,014) Profit/(loss) before taxation4,189 9,001 Income tax expense6 (1,109) (2,245) Profit/(loss) for the financial year from continuing operations3,080 6,756 Loss for the financial year from discontinued operations30 – – Profit/(loss) for the financial year3,080 6,756 Attributable to: – Equity shareholders23 3,078 6,660 – Minority interests2 96 3,080 6,756 Basic earnings/(loss) per share Profit/(loss) from continuing operations8 5.84p 12.56p Loss from discontinued operations8, 30 – – Profit/(loss) for the financial year8 5.84p 12.56p Diluted earnings/(loss) per share Profit/(loss) from continuing operations8 5.81p 12.50p Loss from discontinued operations8, 30 – – Profit/(loss) for the financial year8 5.81p 12.50p How to cite Financial and Ratio Analysis for Vodafone, Essay examples

Polo Description Essays - Cricket, Fielding, Dismissal, Batting

Polo Description A polo match lasts about one and one-half hours and is divided into six 7 minute periods or chukkers. Since a horse in fast polo can cover two and one-half to three miles per period, he'll be too tired to play a second one right away. After resting for two or three periods, some horses can return to the game. Still, in championship polo, a player will come to the field with at least six horses. The mounts are horses, mostly thoroughbreds, not ponies. The object of the game is to score as many goals as possible. There are four players on a team and each assumes a specific position either offensive or defensive. However, given the enormous size of the playing fields, the momentum of the galloping horses and the ball's unexpected changes of direction, the game is very fluid, and the positions continuously change. There are few set plays in polo, and good anticipation is almost a sixth sense. With thousand pound animals running at speed there is a pre-eminent necessity for a right of way rule. The central concept in the rules of polo is the line of the ball, a right-of-way established by the path of the traveling ball. Like the rules of the road, there are do's and don'ts governing access to this right-of-way and crossing it. Within these limitations, a player can hook an opponent's mallet, push him off the line, bump him with his horse or steal the ball from him. Penalties are awarded as free hits. The more severe, the shorter the distance to the goal. The closer hits are almost certain goals. After every goal is scored, the teams change sides in order to compensate for field and wind conditions. A typical score would be 10-7. Polo games are played on the flat or the handicap. Every registered player is awarded a skill rating from C (-2, the lowest) to 10 (the highest). When a match is played on the handicap basis, the sum total rating of the players on the team is subtracted from that of the opposition. Any difference is then awarded to the lower rated side in goals on the scoreboard. Polo - The history Possibly the oldest team sport, polo's genesis is lost to the eye of history. An Asiatic game, polo was first played on a barren campground by nomadic warriors over two thousand years ago Valuable for training Cavalry, the game was played from Constantinople to Japan by the Middle Ages. Known in the East as the Game of Kings, Tamer lane's polo grounds can still be seen in Samarkand. British tea planters in India witnessed the game in the early 1800's but it was not until the 1850's that the British Cavalry drew up the earliest rules and by the 1869's the game was well established in England. James Gordon Bennett, a noted American publisher, balloonist, and adventurer, was captivated by the sport and brought it to New York in 1876 where it caught on immediately. Within ten years, there were major clubs all over the east, including Newport and Long Island. Over the next 50 years, polo achieved extraordinary popularity in the United States. By the 1930's polo was in the midst of a Golden Age it was an Olympic sport and crowds in excess of 30,000 regularly attended international matches at Meadow Brook Polo Club on Long Island. The galloping game produced athletes who would doubtless have achieved greatness in any sport. Cecil Smith, the Texas cowboy who held a perfect 10-goal rating for a still-record 25 years. Devereux Melbourne, instrumental in formulating modern styles of play and Tommy Hitch cock, war hero and the best of the best in international competition for two decades. In the past 20 years, polo in the United States has undergone an unprecedented and remarkable expansion. At present, there are more than 225 clubs with over 3,000 players. Cricket - The rules There are 2 teams which have 11 players each. They play on a large circular or oval field batting area pitch at the center. At each end of the pitch is a 28inch-high wicket consisting of three vertical poles called stumps and two small horizontal sticks called bales. Wicket is an old word for a small gate. One team bats and the other team fields or bowls. All eleven members of the fielding team are on the field at the same time in various positions. Two members of the batting team are on the field at a time,